Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III

The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III Tamil: புவியிணக்கப்பாதை செயற்கைக்கோள் செலுத்து வாகணம் மார்க் -3 (Hindi: भू-तुल्यकाली उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण वाहन एमके-३ ; IAST: Bhū-Tulyakāli Upagrah Prakṣepaṇ Vāhan MK-3, also referred to as the Launch Vehicle Mark Three, LVM3 or GSLV-III) [Two] is a launch vehicle developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). [13] [14] ISRO successfully launched the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle-Mark III on five June two thousand seventeen from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Andhra Pradesh. [15]

• Legal December two thousand fourteen (suborbital)
• Five June two thousand seventeen (orbital)

It is intended to launch satellites into geostationary orbit and as a launcher for an Indian team vehicle. The GSLV-III features an Indian cryogenic third stage and a higher payload capacity than the current GSLV. [16] [17] .Unlike GSLV Mk .1 and GSLV Mk.Two, it is able to carry strong satellites to LEO and GTO. Its diameter also greater than other GSLVs.

Contents

Development for the GSLV-III began in the early 2000s, with the very first launch planned for 2009-2010. [Legal] Several factors have delayed the program, including the fifteen April two thousand ten failure of the ISRO-developed cryogenic upper stage on the GSLV Mk II. [Eighteen]

A suborbital flight test of the GSLV-III launcher, with a passive cryogenic third stage, was successfully carried out on eighteen December 2014, [Nineteen] and was used to test a team module on a suborbital trajectory. [20] The very first flight with a team on board is planned to take place after 2020. [Legal]

Indigenous cryogenic engine development Edit

By 1987, Indian government approved the development of the 2nd generation INSAT-2 series of satellites, weighing more than two tonnes. ISRO dreamed to develop a Two.5-tonne class of satellites and put them into a geostationary transfer orbit at 36,000 km from Earth’s surface. [21] There were three fuels options: earth storable, semi-cryogenic, and cryogenic. India approved an suggest of procuring cryogenic engines from the Soviet Union’s Glavkosmos space agency in 1990, but the US was against the deal. [22] According to ISRO, the engine CE-7.Five can be called an indigenous version, which works on a staged combustion cycle, with Russian design, while work to develop a high thrust CE-20 cryogenic engine began in 2002. [23]

S200 static test Edit

The S-200 solid rocket booster was successfully tested on twenty four January 2010. The booster fired for one hundred thirty seconds and generated a peak thrust of about five hundred tonnes. Almost six hundred ballistic and safety parameters were monitored during the test and indicated normal spectacle. A 2nd successful static test was conducted on four September 2011. [8]

L110 stage test Edit

The Indian Space Research Organisation conducted the very first static test of the L110 core stage at its Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) test facility at Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu on five March 2010. Originally targeted for a total two hundred 2nd burn, the test was terminated at one hundred fifty seconds after a leakage in a control system was detected. [24] On eight September two thousand ten ISRO successfully conducted a total two hundred 2nd test. [25]

Suborbital flight test Edit

The GSLV LVM-3 lifted off from the 2nd launch pad, Sriharikota, at 9.30 am IST on eighteen December 2014. The 630.Five tonne launch vehicle stacking was as goes after : a functional S200 solid propulsion stage, a functional L110 liquid propulsion stage, a non-functional dummy stage (in lieu of CE-20 cryogenic propulsion engine) and ultimately the Trio.7-tonne Squad Module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment (CARE) payload stage. Just over five minutes into the flight, the rocket ejected CARE at an altitude of one hundred twenty six km. CARE then descended at high speed, managed by its on-board motors. At an altitude of eighty km, the thrusters were shut down and the capsule began its ballistic re-entry into the atmosphere. CARE’s fever shield was expected to practice a temperature of around one thousand six hundred °C. ISRO downloaded launch telemetry during the ballistic coasting phase prior to the radio black-out to avoid data loss in the event of a splash-down failure. At an altitude of around fifteen km, the module’s apex cover separated and the parachutes were deployed. CARE splashed down in the Bay of Bengal near the Andaman and Nicobar Islands [26] [27] [28]

C25 stage test Edit

The very first hot test of the C25 cryogenic stage was conducted at ISRO Propulsion Complicated (IPRC) facility at Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu on twenty five January 2017. [29] The stage was hot tested for a duration of fifty seconds demonstrating all stage operations. A longer duration test for six hundred forty seconds was ended on Feb eighteen 2017. [30]

The very first “Developmental” orbital flight of the GSLV Mk.III was successfully launched, and placed the GSAT-19E Satellite in orbit on 5th June, 2017. [31]

Very first stage Edit

The S200 solid motors are used as the very first stage of the launch vehicle. Each booster has a diameter of Three.Two metres, a length of twenty five metres, and carries two hundred seven tonnes of propellant. These boosters burn for one hundred thirty seconds and produce a peak thrust of about Five,150 kilonewtons (525 tf) each. [7]

A separate facility has been established at Sriharikota to make the S200 boosters. Another major feature is that the S200’s large nozzle has been tooled with a ‘flex seal.’ The nozzle can therefore be gimballed when the rocket’s orientation needs correction. [32]

In flight, as the thrust from the S200 boosters commences to tail off, the decline in acceleration is sensed by the rocket’s onboard sensors and the twin Vikas engines on the ‘L110’ liquid propellant core stage are then ignited. Before the S200s separate and fall away from the rocket, the solid boosters as well as the Vikas engines operate together for a brief period of time, [32] similar to that of the American Titan III and Titan IV booster.

2nd stage Edit

The 2nd stage, designated L110, is a 4-meter-diameter liquid-fueled stage carrying one hundred ten tonnes of UDMH and N2O4. It is the very first Indian liquid-engine cluster design, and uses two improved Vikas engines, each producing a thrust of about seven hundred kilonewtons (70 tf). [11] [12] The improved Vikas engine uses regenerative cooling, providing improved weight and specific impulse compared to earlier rockets. [33] The L110 core stage kindles one hundred fourteen seconds after liftoff and burns for two hundred three seconds. [12]

Third stage Edit

The cryogenic upper stage (designated as C25) is powered by the indigenously developed CE-20 engine. It burns LOX and LH2 and produces two hundred kilonewtons (20 tf) of thrust. The C25 is four metres (13 ft) in diameter and 13.545 metres (44.44 ft) long, and contains twenty eight tonnes of propellant. [33]

This engine was originally slated for completion and testing by 2015. ISRO crossed a major milestone in the development of CE-20 engine with the successful six hundred forty secs hot test [30] at ISRO Propulsion Sophisticated, Mahendragiri on nineteen February 2017. The test demonstrated the repeatability of the engine spectacle with all its sub systems like thrust chamber, gas generator, turbo pumps and control components for the utter duration. All the engine parameters were closely matching with the pre-test prediction.

The very first C25 stage was very first used on the GSLV Mk.III D1 mission [34] on June Five, 2017. [35] This mission successfully put in orbit the GSAT-19E communication satellite. [36] Work on the C25 stage and CE-20 engine for GSLV Mk.III upper stage was initiated in 2003, the project has had to face numerous delays due to problems with ISRO’s smaller cryogenic engine, the CE-7.Five for GSLV MK-II upper stage.

Payload fairing Edit

The payload fairing has a diameter of five metres (16 ft) and a payload volume of one hundred ten cubic metres (Trio,900 cu ft). [6]

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